I-Vale ivelise malunga ne-250,000 yeetoni zeemveliso zesanti ezizinzileyo, eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zithathe indawo yesanti ehlala yombiwa ngokungekho mthethweni.

Emva kweminyaka eyi-7 yophando kunye notyalo-mali malunga ne-50 yezigidi ze-reais, i-Vale iphuhlise inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zentlabathi eziphezulu, ezinokusetyenziswa kushishino lokwakha.Inkampani isebenzise le nkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso yesanti kwindawo yokusebenza yentsimbi eMinas Gerais, kwaye iguqula izinto zesanti ezazifuna ekuqaleni ukusetyenziswa kwamadama okanye iindlela zokupakisha kwiimveliso.Inkqubo yemveliso Ixhomekeke kulawulo lomgangatho ofanayo njengemveliso yentsimbi.Kulo nyaka, inkampani iqhubekile kwaye yavelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-250,000 zeemveliso zesanti ezizinzileyo, kwaye inkampani iceba ukuzithengisa okanye ukunikela ngazo ukuze kwenziwe ikhonkrithi, udaka kunye nesamente okanye ukuhambisa indledlana yendlela.

UMnu Marcello Spinelli, uSekela Mongameli oLawulayo we-Vale's Iron Ore Business, uthe iimveliso zesanti zisisiphumo seendlela zokusebenza ezizinzileyo.Uthe: “Le projekthi isibangele ukuba senze uqoqosho olujikelezayo ngaphakathi.Kukho imfuno enkulu yesanti kushishino lokwakha.Iimveliso zethu zesanti zibonelela ngenye indlela ethembekileyo kushishino lolwakhiwo, ngelixa zinciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo zokulahlwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa.Impembelelo.”

Indawo yemigodi yeBulkoutu iyadi yokugcina imveliso yesanti ezinzileyo

Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, imfuneko yonyaka yentlabathi ehlabathini lonke imalunga nama-40 ukusa kuma-50 eebhiliyoni zeetoni.Isanti iye yaba ngowona mthombo wendalo uxhatshazwayo emva kwamanzi, kwaye obu butyebi buxhatshazwa ngokungekho mthethweni nangoburhalarhume kwihlabathi jikelele.

Iimveliso zesanti ezizinzileyo zeVale zithathwa njengemveliso yentsimbi.Intsimbi ekrwada ekwimo yelitye elombiweyo ukusuka kwindalo iba yintsimbi emva kweenkqubo ezininzi zokucutshungulwa komzimba njengokutyunyuzwa, ukucocwa, ukucola kunye nokuzuza uncedo kumzi-mveliso.Inguqulelo kaVale ilele ekwenziweni ngokutsha kwemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada kwinqanaba lokuxhamla ide ifikelele kwiimfuno zomgangatho oyimfuneko kwaye ibe yimveliso yorhwebo.Kwinkqubo yesiNtu yokufumana uncedo, ezi mathiriyeli ziya kuba ziintsalela zezimbiwa, ezilahlwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamadama okanye kwizitaki.Ngoku, yonke itoni yemveliso yesanti eveliswayo ithetha ukuncitshiswa kwetoni enye yomsila.

Iimveliso zesanti eziveliswe kwinkqubo yokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi ziqinisekiswa nge-100%.Banomxholo ophezulu we-silicon kunye nomxholo wentsimbi ophantsi kakhulu, kwaye banokufana kweekhemikhali eziphezulu kunye nobukhulu obufanayo.UMnu Jefferson Corraide, umphathi olawulayo we-Brucutu kunye ne-Agualimpa indawo yokusebenza edibeneyo, wathi olu hlobo lwemveliso yesanti aluyingozi."Iimveliso zethu zesanti zicutshungulwa ngokusisiseko ngeendlela zomzimba, kwaye ubume bemichiza bezinto azitshintshwanga ngexesha lokusetyenzwa, ngoko ke iimveliso azinatyhefu kwaye azinabungozi."

Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yesanti yeVale kwikhonkrithi kunye nodaka kutsha nje kuqinisekiswe yiBrazilian Institute of Scientific Research (IPT), Falcão Bauer kunye neConsultareLabCon, iilabhoratri ezintathu zobuchwephesha.

Abaphandi abavela kwiZiko leeMinerali eziGcinekayo kwiYunivesithi yaseQueensland e-Australia kunye neYunivesithi yaseGeneva eSwitzerland baqhuba uphando oluzimeleyo ukuhlalutya iimpawu zeVale yeemveliso zesanti ukuze baqonde ukuba le nto ingenye yezinto zokwakha ezivela kwi-ore ingaba ngumthombo ozinzileyo isanti Kwaye ukunciphisa kakhulu ubungakanani benkunkuma eyenziwa yimisebenzi yemigodi.Abaphandi basebenzisa igama elithi "oresand" ukubhekisa kwiimveliso zesanti ezithathwe kwimveliso ye-ore kwaye iveliswe ngokulungiswa.

isikali semveliso

I-Vale izimisele ukuthengisa okanye ukunikela ngaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi zeetoni zeemveliso zesanti ngo-2022. Abathengi bayo bavela kwimimandla emine kuquka iMinas Gerais, i-Espirito Santo, iSao Paulo kunye neBrasilia.Inkampani iqikelela ukuba ngo-2023, ukuveliswa kweemveliso zesanti kuya kufikelela kwi-2 yezigidi zeetoni.

“Sikulungele ukwandisa ngakumbi imarike yesicelo seemveliso zesanti ukusuka ngo-2023. Ngenxa yale njongo, siseke iqela elizinikeleyo lokutyala imali kweli shishini litsha.Baza kusebenzisa inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso yesanti kwinkqubo ekhoyo yemveliso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentengiso.UMnu Rogério Nogueira, uMlawuli weVale Iron Ore Marketing, uthe.

I-Vale okwangoku ivelisa iimveliso zesanti kwimigodi yaseBrucutu eSan Gonzalo de Abaisau, eMinas Gerais, eya kuthengiswa okanye inikezelwe.

Ezinye iindawo zemigodi eMinas Gerais nazo zenza uhlengahlengiso lokusingqongileyo kunye nemigodi ukubandakanya iinkqubo zokuvelisa isanti.“Ezi ndawo zemigodi zivelisa izinto ezinesanti ezinomgangatho ophezulu wesilicon, ezinokusetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Sisebenzisana namaziko amaninzi aquka iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando kunye neenkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezitsha zokubonelela ngentsimbi emitsha yentsimbi.Ingaphandle lee."UMnu. André Vilhena, umphathi weshishini omtsha kaVale wagxininisa.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni isiseko esikhoyo kwindawo yemigodi yentsimbi, iVale ikwaphuhlise uthungelwano lwezothutho olubandakanya oololiwe kunye neendlela zokuthutha iimveliso zesanti ukuya kumazwe amaninzi eBrazil.“Ujoliso lwethu kukuqinisekisa uzinzo lweshishini lentsimbi.Ngeli shishini litsha, sinethemba lokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ngelixa sifuna amathuba okukhuthaza ingqesho kunye nokunyusa umvuzo. "UMnu Verena wongeza.

iimveliso zendalo

I-Vale iqhuba uphando ngesicelo se-tailings ukususela ngo-2014. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, inkampani yavula i-Puku Brick Factory, engumzi-mveliso wokuqala wokulinga ukuvelisa iimveliso zokwakha kusetyenziswa i-tailings evela kwimisebenzi yemigodi njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada.Isityalo sibekwe kwindawo ye-Pico yemigodi e-Itabilito, e-Minas Gerais, kwaye ijolise ekukhuthazeni uqoqosho lwesetyhula ekuqhutyweni kwentsimbi yentsimbi.

I-Federal Centre yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yeMfundo yaseMinas Gerais kunye nePico Brick Factory yasungula intsebenziswano yobugcisa kwaye yathumela abaphandi be-10 kubandakanywa oonjingalwazi, amagcisa aselebhu, abafundi abaphumelele, abathweswe isidanga kunye nabafundi bekhosi yobugcisa kumzi-mveliso.Ngexesha lentsebenziswano, siya kusebenza kwindawo yefektri, kwaye iimveliso ngexesha lophando kunye nophuhliso aziyi kuthengiswa kwihlabathi langaphandle.

UVale ukwasebenzisana nekhampasi yase-Itabira yeFederal University yase-Itajuba ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa iimveliso zesanti ukugalela.Inkampani iceba ukunikela ngeemveliso zesanti kwindawo yasekuhlaleni ukuze kulungiswe.

Imigodi ezinzileyo ngakumbi

Ukongeza ekuphuhliseni iimveliso zendalo, i-Vale iphinde yathatha amanye amanyathelo okunciphisa i-tailings kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yezimayini izinzileyo.Inkampani izibophelele ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yokulungisa ezomileyo ezingadingi manzi.Okwangoku, malunga ne-70% yeemveliso zentsimbi ye-Vale ziveliswa ngokulungiswa okomileyo, kwaye lo mlinganiso uya kuhlala ungatshintshi nasemva kokuba umthamo wemveliso wonyaka unyuswe ukuya kwi-400 yezigidi zeetoni kunye neeprojekthi ezintsha ziqala ukusebenza.Kwi-2015, i-iron ore eveliswa ngokucutshungulwa okomileyo kuphela ibalelwa kwi-40% yesiphumo esipheleleyo.

Ingaba inkqubo eyomileyo ingasetyenziswa inxulumene nomgangatho wentsimbi ekrwada.I-iron ore e-Carajás inomxholo ophezulu wensimbi (ngaphezu kwe-65%), kwaye inkqubo yokucubungula idinga kuphela ukutyunyuzwa kwaye ihlolwe ngokwemilinganiselo ye-particle.

Umyinge wesiqulatho sentsimbi kwezinye iindawo zemigodi eMinas Gerais yi-40%.Indlela yonyango yesintu kukwandisa umthamo wentsimbi kwintsimbi ekrwada ngokugalela amanzi kwi-beneficiation.Uninzi lweziphumo zentsalela zibekwe kumadama eentsalela zezimbiwa okanye emingxunyeni.I-Vale isebenzise obunye ubuchwephesha ukuze kuxhamle intsimbi ekrwada ekwinqanaba elisezantsi, oko kukuthi, ukohlukana kwemagnethi eyomileyo yeteknoloji yentsimbi ekrwada entle (FDMS).Inkqubo yokwahlukana kwamagnetic ore yentsimbi ayifuni manzi, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa amadama e-tailings.

Itekhnoloji eyomileyo yokwahlula itekhnoloji yentsimbi ekrwada yaphuhliswa eBrazil yiNewSteel, eyafunyanwa nguVale ngo-2018, kwaye isetyenzisiwe kwiplanti yokulinga eMinas Gerais.Isityalo sokuqala sokuthengisa siya kusetyenziswa kwindawo yokusebenza yaseVargem Grande kwi-2023. Isityalo siya kuba nomthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa iitoni ze-1.5 yezigidi kunye notyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-US $ 150 yezigidi.

Obunye ubuchwephesha obunokunciphisa imfuno yamadama eentsalela zezimbiwa kukucoca iintsalela zezimbiwa kunye nokuzigcina kwimfumba ezomileyo.Emva kokuba umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yentsimbi ufikelele kwi 400 yezigidi zeetoni, uninzi lwe 60 yezigidi zeetoni (ibalelwa kwi 15% yomthamo wemveliso iyonke) iyakusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ukucoca nokugcina iintsalela zezimbiwa.I-Vale ivule isityalo sokuhluza i-tailings kwindawo yemigodi ye-Great Varzhin, kwaye iceba ukuvula izityalo ezintathu zokuhluza ii-tailings kwikota yokuqala ye-2022, enye ibekwe kwindawo yemigodi yaseBrucutu kwaye ezinye ezimbini zifumaneka kwindawo ye-Itabira Mining. .Emva koko, intsimbi ekrwada eveliswa yinkqubo yemveli yokufumana inzuzo emanzi iyakwenza kuphela i-15% yesakhono sisonke semveliso, kwaye iintsalela zezimbiwa eziveliswayo ziya kugcinwa kumadama eentsalela zezimbiwa okanye emigodini evaliweyo.