IVale ivelise malunga neetoni ezingama-250,000 zeemveliso zesanti ezihlala zihleli, eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba zithathe indawo yesanti edla ngokumbiwa ngokungekho mthethweni.

Emva kweminyaka esi-7 yophando kunye notyalo-mali olumalunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zeerais, iVale iphuhlise inkqubo yemveliso yeemveliso zesanti ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinokusetyenziswa kushishino lokwakha. Le nkampani isebenzise le nkqubo yemveliso yesanti kwindawo yokusebenza kwe-iron ore eMinas Gerais, kwaye iguqula izinto zesanti ezazifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamadama okanye iindlela zokufaka izinto zibe ziimveliso. Inkqubo yemveliso Ixhomekeke kulawulo lomgangatho ofanayo nokuveliswa kwe-iron ore. Kulo nyaka, inkampani icubungule kwaye ivelise malunga neetoni ezingama-250,000 zeemveliso zesanti ezizinzileyo, kwaye inkampani iceba ukuzithengisa okanye ukuzinikela ukuze kuveliswe ikhonkrithi, udaka kunye nesamente okanye ukuze kwenziwe indlela yokugalela ipavement.

UMnu. Marcello Spinelli, uSekela Mongameli oPhetheyo weShishini le-Iron Ore laseVale, uthe iimveliso zesanti ziziphumo zeendlela zokusebenza ezizinzileyo. Uthe: “Le projekthi isishukumisele ekubeni sakhe uqoqosho olujikelezayo ngaphakathi. Kukho imfuneko enkulu yesanti kwishishini lokwakha. Iimveliso zethu zesanti zibonelela ngenye indlela ethembekileyo kwishishini lokwakha, ngelixa zinciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo nentlalo yokulahla intsalela yesanti. Impembelelo.”

Indawo yemigodi yaseBulkoutu iyindawo yokugcina imveliso yesanti ezinzileyo

Ngokwezibalo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo, imfuno yesanti yonyaka yehlabathi imalunga neetoni ezingama-40 ukuya kuma-50 eebhiliyoni. Isanti ibe yeyona mithombo yendalo isetyenziswa kakhulu emva kwamanzi, kwaye le mithombo isetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye idla inyama kwihlabathi liphela.

Iimveliso zesanti ezihlala ixesha elide zaseVale zithathwa njengemveliso ephuma kwi-iron ore. I-ore eluhlaza ekwimo yelitye eyombiwe kwindalo iba yi-iron ore emva kweenkqubo ezininzi zokucubungula ngokwasemzimbeni ezifana nokutyumza, ukuhluza, ukugaya kunye nokuphucula kwifektri. Ubuchule beVale bulele ekucutshungulweni kwakhona kweemveliso eziphuma kwi-iron ore kwinqanaba lokuphucula ide ifikelele kwiimfuno zomgangatho ofunekayo kwaye ibe yimveliso yorhwebo. Kwinkqubo yokuphucula yendabuko, ezi zinto ziya kuba yintsalela, ezilahlwa ngokusebenzisa amadama okanye kwiinqwaba. Ngoku, itoni nganye yemveliso yesanti eveliswayo ithetha ukuncitshiswa kwetoni enye yeentsalela.

Iimveliso zesanti eziveliswa kwinkqubo yokucubungula i-iron ore ziqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo. Zinomthamo ophezulu we-silicon kunye nomxholo omncinci kakhulu we-iron, kwaye zinobunye beekhemikhali kunye nobukhulu bee-particle. UMnu. Jefferson Corraide, umphathi ophetheyo we-Brucutu kunye ne-Agualimpa integrated operations area, uthe olu hlobo lwemveliso yesanti alunabungozi. “Iimveliso zethu zesanti zicutshungulwa ngeendlela ezibonakalayo, kwaye ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zezinto akutshintshi ngexesha lokucubungula, ngoko ke iimveliso azinabungozi kwaye azinabungozi.”

Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zesanti zaseVale kwikhonkrithi nakwisimende kuqinisekiswe kutshanje yiBrazilian Institute of Scientific Research (IPT), iFalcão Bauer kunye neConsultareLabCon, iilabhoratri ezintathu zobungcali.

Abaphandi abavela kwi-Institute of Sustainable Minerals kwiYunivesithi yaseQueensland e-Australia kunye neYunivesithi yaseGeneva eSwitzerland benza uphando oluzimeleyo ukuze bahlalutye iimpawu zeemveliso zesanti yaseVale ukuze baqonde ukuba ezi zinto zokwakha ezizezinye ezivela kwi-ore zinokuba ngumthombo wesanti ozinzileyo kwaye zinciphise kakhulu inani lenkunkuma eveliswa yimisebenzi yokwemba. Abaphandi basebenzisa igama elithi "oresand" ukubhekisa kwiimveliso zesanti ezivela kwimveliso ye-ore kwaye ziveliswe ngokucutshungulwa.

isikali semveliso

IVale izibophelele ekuthengiseni okanye ekunikeleni ngeetoni ezingaphezu kwesigidi seemveliso zesanti ngo-2022. Abathengi bayo bavela kwimimandla emine kuquka iMinas Gerais, i-Espirito Santo, iSao Paulo kunye neBrasilia. Le nkampani iqikelela ukuba ngo-2023, imveliso yeemveliso zesanti iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezi-2 zezigidi.

“Sikulungele ukwandisa ngakumbi imakethi yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zesanti ukususela ngo-2023. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, simisele iqela elizinikeleyo lokutyala imali kweli shishini litsha. Baza kusebenzisa inkqubo yokuveliswa kwemveliso yesanti kwinkqubo yokuveliswa ekhoyo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zemarike.” UMnu. Rogério Nogueira, uMlawuli weNtengiso yeVale Iron Ore, utshilo.

IVale okwangoku ivelisa iimveliso zesanti kumgodi waseBrucutu eSan Gonzalo de Abaisau, eMinas Gerais, oza kuthengiswa okanye unikelwe.

Ezinye iindawo zemigodi eMinas Gerais nazo zenza uhlengahlengiso lokusingqongileyo kunye nemigodi ukuze zibandakanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa isanti. “Ezi ndawo zemigodi zivelisa izinto zesanti ezinomxholo ophezulu we-silicon, ezingasetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Sisebenzisana namaziko amaninzi kuquka iiyunivesithi, amaziko ophando kunye neenkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezintsha zokubonelela ngeentsalela zentsimbi entsha. Indlela yokuphuma.” UMnu. André Vilhena, umphathi weshishini elitsha laseVale ugxininise.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni iziseko ezikhoyo kwindawo yokumba i-iron ore, iVale ikwaphuhlise inethiwekhi yezothutho equka oololiwe kunye neendlela zokuthutha iimveliso zesanti ukuya kumazwe amaninzi eBrazil. “Ingqwalasela yethu kukuqinisekisa uzinzo lweshishini le-iron ore. Ngale shishini litsha, sinethemba lokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, ngelixa sifuna amathuba okukhuthaza imisebenzi kunye nokwandisa ingeniso.” Wongeze watsho uMnu. Verena.

iimveliso zendalo

IVale ibisenza uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kweentsalela zesinyithi ukusukela ngo-2014. Kunyaka ophelileyo, inkampani yavula iPuku Brick Factory, eyifektri yokuqala yovavanyo ukuvelisa iimveliso zokwakha isebenzisa iintsalela zesinyithi ezivela kwimisebenzi yokwemba njengezinto eziphambili zokwenza imveliso. Esi sityalo sikwindawo yemigodi yasePico e-Itabilito, eMinas Gerais, kwaye sijolise ekukhuthazeni uqoqosho olujikelezayo ekucutshungulweni kwesinyithi.

IZiko lezeMfundo leSayensi neTekhnoloji laseMinas Gerais kunye nePico Brick Factory baqalise intsebenziswano yobugcisa baza bathumela abaphandi abali-10 kuquka ooprofesa, iingcali zelebhu, abafundi abaphumelele izifundo zobungcali, abafundi bezifundo zobungcali kunye nabafundi bezifundo zobugcisa kumzi-mveliso. Ngexesha lentsebenziswano, siza kusebenza kwindawo yomzi-mveliso, kwaye iimveliso ngexesha lophando nophuhliso aziyi kuthengiswa kwihlabathi langaphandle.

IVale ikwasebenzisana nekhampasi yase-Itabira yeFederal University of Itajuba ukuze kufundwe indlela yokusebenzisa iimveliso zesanti ekugayweni. Le nkampani iceba ukunikela ngeemveliso zesanti kwindawo yasekuhlaleni ukuze zigaywe.

Ukwembiwa kwemigodi okuzinzileyo ngakumbi

Ukongeza ekuphuhliseni iimveliso zendalo, iVale ikwathathe amanye amanyathelo okunciphisa ukususwa kweentsalela kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yokwemba ibe nozinzo ngakumbi. Le nkampani izibophelele ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yokulungisa eyomileyo engadingi manzi. Okwangoku, malunga ne-70% yeemveliso zentsimbi yeVale ziveliswa ngokulungiswa eyomileyo, kwaye eli nani aliyi kutshintsha nasemva kokuba amandla okuvelisa ngonyaka anyusiwe ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-400 ezigidi kwaye iiprojekthi ezintsha ziqalisiwe ukusebenza. Ngo-2015, intsimbi yentsimbi eveliswe ngokulungiswa eyomileyo yayibalelwa kuphela kwi-40% yemveliso iyonke.

Ukuba i-ore yesinyithi eyomileyo ingasetyenziswa, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho we-ore yesinyithi eyombiweyo. I-ore yesinyithi eCarajás inomxholo ophezulu we-iron (ngaphezulu kwe-65%), kwaye inkqubo yokucubungula ifuna ukutyunyuzwa nokuhluzwa ngokobukhulu bee-particles.

Umthamo ophakathi wentsimbi kwezinye iindawo zemigodi eMinas Gerais yi-40%. Indlela yendabuko yonyango kukunyusa umxholo wentsimbi kwi-ore ngokongeza amanzi ekuphuculeni. Uninzi lweentsalela ezivelayo zibekwe kumadama okanye kwimingxuma. I-Vale isebenzise enye iteknoloji yokuphucula i-ore yentsimbi ekumgangatho ophantsi, oko kukuthi iteknoloji yokwahlulwa kwe-ore eyomileyo (i-FDMS). Inkqubo yokwahlulwa kwe-ore yentsimbi ayifuni manzi, ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa iintsalela.

Itekhnoloji yokwahlulahlula i-ore eyomileyo ye-ore entle yaphuhliswa eBrazil yiNewSteel, eyathengwa yiVale ngo-2018, kwaye isetyenziswe kwisityalo sovavanyo eMinas Gerais. Isityalo sokuqala sorhwebo siza kusetyenziswa kwindawo yokusebenza yaseVargem Grande ngo-2023. Esi sityalo siza kuba nomthamo wokuvelisa we-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka kunye notyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-US $ 150 yezigidi.

Enye iteknoloji enokunciphisa imfuno yamadama eentsalela kukucoca iintsalela zenkunkuma nokuzigcina kwiindawo ezomileyo. Emva kokuba umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yentsimbi ufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-400 ezigidi, uninzi lweetoni ezingama-60 ezigidi (ezibalelwa kwi-15% yamandla emveliso iyonke) ziya kusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ukucoca nokugcina iintsalela zenkunkuma. I-Vale ivule isityalo sokucoca iintsalela zenkunkuma kwindawo yemigodi iGreat Varzhin, kwaye iceba ukuvula ezinye izityalo ezintathu zokucoca iintsalela zenkunkuma kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, enye yazo ikwindawo yemigodi yaseBrucutu kwaye ezinye ezimbini zikwindawo yemigodi yaseItabira. Emva koko, intsimbi eveliswa yinkqubo yemveli yokunceda ngokumanzi iya kubalelwa kwi-15% yamandla emveliso iyonke, kwaye iintsalela zenkunkuma eziveliswayo ziya kugcinwa kumadama eentsalela zenkunkuma okanye kwimigodi yemigodi engasebenziyo.