Kutshanje, intatheli ye-“Economic Information Daily” ifumanise ukuba isicwangciso sokuphunyezwa kwekhabhoni kwishishini lesinyithi laseTshayina kunye nendlela yeteknoloji engathathi cala kwikhabhoni sele iqalile. Lilonke, esi sicwangciso sigxininisa ukunciphisa imithombo, ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo, kunye nokuqinisa ulawulo olupheleleyo, olubhekiselele ngqo kwintsebenziswano yokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni, kwaye lukhuthaza utshintsho olupheleleyo oluluhlaza kuqoqosho nakuluntu.
Abantu abangaphakathi kushishino bathi ukukhuthaza ukwandiswa kwekhabhoni kwishishini lesinyithi yenye yezenzo ezilishumi "zokwandiswa kwekhabhoni". Kwishishini lesinyithi, eli lithuba kunye nomceli mngeni. Ishishini lesinyithi kufuneka liphathe ngokufanelekileyo ubudlelwane phakathi kophuhliso kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, ngokubanzi kunye nokungaphelelanga, ixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide.
NgoMatshi kulo nyaka, i-China Iron and Steel Association ityhile injongo yokuqala ye-"carbon peak" kunye "ne-carbon neutral" kwishishini lentsimbi. Ngaphambi kowama-2025, ishishini lentsimbi liza kufikelela kwincopho yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni; ngo-2030, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwishishini lentsimbi kuya kuncitshiswa ngama-30% ukusuka kwincopho, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuncitshiswe ngama-420 ezigidi zeetoni. Ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwekhabhoni dioxide, i-sulfur dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides, kunye nezinto ezincinci kwishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ziphakathi kwezi-3 eziphezulu kwicandelo lezoshishino, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi linciphise ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
“Ngumgca ophambili” kunye “nomgca obomvu” ukuthintela ngokungqongqo amandla amatsha emveliso. Ukudibanisa iziphumo zokunciphisa amandla kusengomnye wemisebenzi ephambili yoshishino kwixesha elizayo.” Kunzima ukunciphisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso yentsimbi yasekhaya, kwaye kufuneka “sibe namacala amabini”. Phantsi kwemvelaphi yokuba isixa sisonke kunzima ukusilahla kakhulu, umsebenzi wokukhupha umbane ophantsi kakhulu useyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuqala.
Okwangoku, iinkampani zentsimbi ezingaphezu kwama-230 kulo lonke ilizwe zigqibile okanye ziqalisa ukuhlaziywa kokukhutshwa komoya okuphantsi kakhulu okumalunga neetoni ezingama-650 ezigidi zemveliso yentsimbi eluhlaza. Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha ka-2021, iinkampani zentsimbi ezingama-26 kumaphondo ama-6 ziye zapapasha, apho iinkampani ezili-19 ziye zapapasha ukukhutshwa komoya okucwangcisiweyo, ukukhutshwa komoya okungacwangciswanga, kunye nokuthuthwa okucocekileyo, kwaye iinkampani ezi-7 ziye zapapasha ngokuyinxenye. Nangona kunjalo, inani leenkampani zentsimbi ezibhengezwe esidlangalaleni lingaphantsi kwe-5% yenani lilonke leenkampani zentsimbi kweli lizwe.
Abantu abakhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla babonise ukuba ezinye iinkampani zentsimbi okwangoku azinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga notshintsho oluphantsi kakhulu lokukhupha umbane, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zisalindile kwaye zibukele, zisemva kakhulu kwishedyuli. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani azinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga nobunzima botshintsho, zamkela ubuchwepheshe bokususa i-sulfurization kunye ne-denitrification engavuthwanga, ukukhupha umbane okungacwangciswanga, ukuthuthwa okucocekileyo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, ukubeka esweni kunye nokulawula kwi-intanethi, njl.njl., kukho iingxaki ezininzi. Kukho nezenzo zeenkampani ezenza iirekhodi zemveliso zibe buxoki, zenze iincwadi ezimbini, kwaye zenze idatha yokujonga ukukhupha umbane ibe buxoki.
“Kwixesha elizayo, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuphantsi kakhulu kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuyo yonke inkqubo, yonke inkqubo, kunye nomjikelo wobomi bonke.” Lo mntu uthe ngokusebenzisa irhafu, ulawulo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo olwahlukileyo, amaxabiso amanzi ahlukeneyo, kunye namaxabiso ombane, inkampani iya kunyusa ngakumbi umgaqo-nkqubo wokugqiba utshintsho lokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuphantsi kakhulu. Xhasa ngamandla.
Ukongeza "kulawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla amabini" olusisiseko, iza kugxila ekukhuthazeni uyilo oluluhlaza, ukonga amandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nolwakhiwo lwenkqubo, ukwakha uthotho lwemizi-mveliso olujikelezayo, kunye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obusebenzisa ikhabhoni encinci.
Abantu abakhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla bathi ukuze kufezekiswe uphuhliso oluluhlaza, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nomgangatho ophezulu kushishino lwentsimbi, kufuneka kukwafuneka kuphuculwe ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso. Ukwandisa umlinganiselo wokuphuma kokwenziwa kwentsimbi yesithando sombane esifutshane, kunye nokusombulula ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nokukhutshwa okuphezulu kokwenziwa kwentsimbi ende. Ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lwetshaja, ukuphucula uthotho lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu inani lamashishini azimeleyo asebenzisa i-sintering, azimeleyo asebenzisa i-hot rolling, kunye namashishini azimeleyo asebenzisa i-coking. Ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lwamandla, ukusebenzisa ukutshintshwa kwamandla acocekileyo kwezithando zemizi-mveliso ezisebenzisa amalahle, ukususa iijenereyitha zegesi, kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wombane oluhlaza. Ngokuphathelele ulwakhiwo lothutho, ukwandisa umlinganiselo wothutho olucocekileyo lwezinto kunye neemveliso ngaphandle kwesityalo, ukusebenzisa uthutho lukaloliwe kunye nothutho lwamanzi kumgama ophakathi node, kunye nokusebenzisa iipayiphu okanye izithuthi zamandla ezintsha kumgama omfutshane nophakathi; ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zothutho lwebhanti, umkhondo, kunye neerola kumzi-mveliso ngokubanzi. Ukunciphisa inani lothutho lwezithuthi kumzi-mveliso kunye nokurhoxisa uthutho lwesibini lwezinto kumzi-mveliso.
Ukongeza, uxinaniso lwangoku kwishishini lentsimbi lusephantsi, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo kufuneka libe kukwandisa ukudibana nokuhlelwa ngokutsha kunye nokudibanisa nokwenza ngcono izixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ezifana nentsimbi.
Uyilo lokunciphisa ikhabhoni lweenkampani eziphambili luye lwakhawuleza. Njengenkampani enkulu yentsimbi eTshayina kwaye okwangoku ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi kwimveliso yonyaka, iBaowu yaseTshayina icacisile ukuba izama ukufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngo-2023, inako ukunciphisa ikhabhoni ngama-30% ngo-2030, kwaye inciphise ukukhutshwa kwayo kwekhabhoni ngama-50% ukusuka kwincopho ngo-2042. , Ukufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ngo-2050.
“Ngowama-2020, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada eBaowu eTshayina iya kufikelela kwiitoni ezili-115 lezigidi, isasazwe kwiziseko zentsimbi ezili-17. Inkqubo ende yokwenziwa kwentsimbi eBaowu eTshayina ibandakanya phantse i-94% iyonke. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kubeka umngeni omkhulu kwiBaowu yaseTshayina kunabalingani bayo. “UNobhala weQela laseBaowu eTshayina kunye noSihlalo uChen Derong uthe iChina Baowu ikhokela ekufezekiseni ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
“Kunyaka ophelileyo siye sayimisa ngokuthe ngqo isicwangciso sokuqala se-flash furnace sikaZhangang, saza saceba ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-metallurgical engaphantsi kwekhabhoni kwaye saqalisa ukwakhiwa kwetekhnoloji ye-shaft furnace esekelwe kwi-hydrogen kwi-coke oven gas.” UChen Derong uthe, ephuhlisa inkqubo yokwenza isinyithi ye-shaft furnace esekelwe kwi-hydrogen, inkqubo yokunyibilikisa intsimbi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-carbon ekhutshwayo phantse ingabikho.
Iqela leHegang liceba ukufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngo-2022, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngaphezulu kwe-10% ukusuka kwincopho ngo-2025, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngaphezulu kwe-30% ukusuka kwincopho ngo-2030, kunye nokufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ngo-2050. Iqela le-Ansteel liceba ukufikelela kwincopho yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyonke ngo-2025 kunye nenkqubela phambili ekuphuhlisweni kweteknoloji ye-metallurgical esemgangathweni ophezulu ngo-2030, kunye nokuzama ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni iyonke ngama-30% ukusuka kwincopho ngo-2035; ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe be-metallurgical esezantsi kwaye ube lishishini lesinyithi lelizwe lam Iinkampani zokuqala ezinkulu zentsimbi ukufezekisa ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.